henry flagler daughter

Rather than try to influence the price of crude oil directly, Standard Oil had been exercising indirect control by altering oil storage charges to suit market conditions. It was first established in Ohio. Tail tucked in shame, the destitute Flagler family moved back to Ohio in January of 1866. Seven years later he became a senior salesman with a salary of $ 400 per year. Mary and Henry's first child was Jennie Louise (born March 1855), then Carrie (born June 1858 and named after Henry Flagler's older half-sister, Caroline), then finally, Harry Flagler (born December 1870). After Mary died Henry married her nurse-caregiver, Ida Alice Shourds. Middle child Carrie died just before Christmas in the same year that Henry's mother died (1861). His body was sent to St. Augustine on May 23 where he was laid to rest along side of his his first wife Mary Harkness in the Memorial Presbyterian Church mausoleum built for his daughter Jennie Louise. Rogers, in particular, became one of Flagler and Rockefeller's key men in the formation of the Standard Oil Trust. Carrie died at the age of 3. During the Gilded Age, this new class of robber barons like Flagler, Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt were shaking up American society. [citation needed], By the end of the American Civil War, Cleveland was one of the five main refining centers in the U.S. (besides Pittsburgh, New York City, Philadelphia, and the region in northwestern Pennsylvania where most of the oil originated). [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. To further convince Flagler to continue the railroad to Miami, he was offered land in exchange for laying rail tracks from private landowners, the Florida East Coast Canal and Transportation Company, and the Boston and Florida Atlantic Coast Land Company. He was connected with government officials and industry elites. The year was 1885, the month was April and things were just getting started. Nothing major just language that "[made] incurable insanity a ground for divorce.". The visionary widow from Ohio bought hundreds of acres at what is now Downtown Miami, moved down on a barge, and eventually convinced railroad man Henry Flagler to extend his new railway to the Miami River by sending him an unusual package. One day when very old he went on a drunken spree. Harry Flagler was the only of Henry Flagler's children who outlived their father. IT HAD BEGUN 26 YEARS EARLIER, IN 1891, when Henry Morrison Flagler, the uncrowned "king" of Florida, who had made a vast fortune as a founding partner of Standard Oil of Ohio, met Mary Lily Kenan . Those who failed to fulfill these expectations were often punished for it. Graham, Thomas. He recruited Henry Flagler to join him, and the youth went to Ohio at age 14, where he started work in 1844 at a salary of US$5 per month plus room and board. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that Crossed an Ocean (Paperback) by. "Henry M. Flagler's Hotel Ponce de Len.". When he was 23, Flagler married Mary Harkness, a frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness. However, Smith had fallen on some hard times and sold the hotel to Henry Flagler not long after it opened in 1888. Visually exquisite, the Flagler Memorial Presbyterian Church was built by Henry Flagler in 1889. In January of 1870 at the age of 40, Flagler officially co-founded Standard Oil alongside John D. Rockefeller. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida and also founded Palm Beach, Florida. It was due largely to the efforts of Henry M. Flagler and John D. He was twenty-three and she was twenty and they were married in her father's home. [1], Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York. [30] Additional fields were discovered in Burma and Java. Henry Flagler passed away May 20, 1913, and the construction of the "Over-Sea" road served as an example of his substantial impact on the state. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. Castleden, Louise Decatur. . Last (and perhaps most importantly), the truth is a hard thing to garner when it comes to what happened in the past even harder than it is today. In fact, after completing the eighth grade, he decided to leave home and went to Ohio to find his fortune. 2. Whitehall, Palm Beach, is open to the public as the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum; his private railcar No. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. This was the case for many wealthy men during the Civil War, including Henry's future business partner, John D. Rockefeller. You see, during the Gilded Age [and for far too long after it], women could be sent to a mental institution for just about anything. Flagler is quoted to have responded thusly: "There was once a good church member who had always lived a correct life until well advanced in years. Indeed, there was a legal loophole provided to affluent Americans they were allowed to pay $300 to the government and hire a substitute to serve in their place. [10] He had caught the smell of opportunity in Florida and would eventually follow it all the way south to Key West. Flagler's stepbrother Stephen V. Harkness invested $100,000 (equivalent to $1.94million in 2021[6]) on the condition that Flagler be made a partner. While in this state he met his good pastor, to whom, being soundly upbraided for his condition, he replied, 'I've been giving all my days to the Lord hitherto, and now I'm taking one for myself. He was the baby of the household, being born several years after the youngest of his siblings. Henry Flagler was John D. Rockefeller's most significant business partner at Standard Oil. the Trust and Non-Profit Organization established by Flagler's grand-daughter Jean Flagler Matthews, to preserve Whitehall, has . Flagler and Rockefeller then decided to issue certificates against oil stored in Standard Oil's pipelines. While many tourists were satisfied with the charms of rural Florida, the appeal quickly wore off for the Flaglers, Henry specifically. When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". When Mary contracted tuberculosis, at her doctor's recommendation they traveled . Together, the boys worked in the Harkness store for several years, where Henry eventually became a part of their sales staff. As our little daughter is only 8 month old we wanted to provide her a sheltered place to sit in in the 25 degrees and we wanted to visit the house while we swap over looking after her as . He is known as the father of Miami, Florida, and founded the city of Palm Beach. Dr. Shelton had attended Flagler's daughter Jennie Benedict when she died from complications after childbirth in 1889. Flagler wanted to take advantage of additional trade with Cuba and Latin America as well as the increased trade with the west that the Panama Canal would bring. He used convict leasing "a method undertaken by the Southern States to replace the economic setup of slavery"[47] to modernize the existing railroads, allowing them to accommodate heavier loads and more traffic.[48]. Having had no prior experience in the salt industry, the Flagler & York company flopped and Henry lost around $100,000 ($100K in 1865 is nearly $2 million in 2022). [7] The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. However, this kindly nickname does not do justice to the full story of Flagler, who was nearly fifty years old when he first set foot in Florida in 1878. 91 is preserved inside a Beaux Arts pavilion built to look like a 19th-century railway palace. Many people were curious about Henry Flagler's decision to launch a new business venture during his twilight years. Her eldest daughter, Jennie Louise, was twenty- six. It soon was doing one tenth of all the petroleum business in the United States. Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and the railroad sold all its oil interests to Standard. The rumor mill suspected that this change in priorities was due to Henry's association with one Ida Alice Shourds a red-haired, green-eyed actress who was rumored to have been Mary Harkness Flagler's nursemaid during her final years. Cleveland became very well known for oil refining, as, "More and more crude oil was shipped from the oil regions to Cleveland for the refining process because of transportation facilities and the aggressiveness of the refiners there. That craze mounted when two months later, Flagler filed for divorce in Dade County and was granted such on August 13th, 1901. Instead of attending lunch with his fellow businessmen, he took to hosting grand parties at his new summer estate (which was ominously named "Satan's Toe"). In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. Only his son Harry Harkness Flagler survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. [60][61] At 3 p.m. on the day of the funeral, May 23, 1913, every engine on the Florida East Coast Railway stopped wherever it was for ten minutes as a tribute to Flagler. Standiford, Les. Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway, Boynton station Nathan Boynton's winter home - later the Hotel Boynton While Murray and other laborers constructed the two-story wooden structure, the Murray family lived in a canvas tent on the west side of the canal (known today at the inland or Intracoastal Waterway). The hotel, the Ponce de Leon, was a success. Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. Her great-nephew Lawrence Louis Junior utilized some of those funds in founding Flagler College, where Henry Flagler's legacy lives on to this day. In fact, the exterior bares a memorial script to his daughter who perished giving birth to his . Henry Flagler had realized his dream and slipped quietly from this world at his ocean cottage 'Nautalis' on May 20, 1913, in Palm Beach, Florida. Perhaps because of the economic success that Flagler's industries had delivered to the state or perhaps because of direct funding being delivered to individual senators, Flagler was able to convince the legislature to pass a little bill for him in April of 1901. Originally published by E.H. Reynolds in St. Augustine Florida, 1892. Les Standiford (Goodreads Author) (shelved 3 times as henry-flagler) avg rating 4.08 3,518 ratings published 2002. It was Henry M. The Zorayda's poured coquina and concrete structure, Spanish architecture, and lavish interior inspired Flagler, who actually tried to buy the building, but was denied. He is known as the father of St. Augustine, Mia Over the course of her marriage to Henry Flagler, Ida Alice Shourds is reported to have begun displaying unstable behavior she was rumored to have a temper, and her fondness for lavish parties and attention did not go unnoticed by Gilded Age Society. By 1849, Flagler was promoted to the sales staff at a salary of $40 per month. According to historian David Leon Chandler, Henry Flagler is believed to either have bought a deferment in 1862 or provided the government supplies instead of service. Nine trustees, including Rockefeller, ran the 41 companies in the trust. NY By genealogy.com user October 24, 1999 at 04:39:45. [11] The cartel received preferential treatment as a high-volume shipper, which included not just steep rebates of up to 50% for their product but also rebates for the shipment of competing products. A large portion of his estate was designated for a "niece" who was said actually to be a child born out of wedlock. Ralph, Julian. [13] Eventually, even former antagonists Pratt and Rogers saw the futility of continuing to compete against Standard Oil: in 1874, they made a secret agreement with their old nemesis to be acquired. Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. The same year that she arrived in New York, her doctors insisted that she spend the winter in a kinder climate. Ida Alice (ne Shourds) Flagler had been a caregiver for Mary. Through this business, Flagler became acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, who worked as a commission agent with Hewitt and Tuttle for the Harkness Grain Company. When the Civil War broke out, Dan Harkness was among the first in Bellevue, Ohio to enlist in the Union efforts. Their only son was born in 1870. [46], Realizing the need for a sound transportation system to support his hotel ventures, Flagler purchased short line railroads in what would later become known as the Florida East Coast Railway. St. Augustine, Florida Due to the harsh working and living conditions in the railway construction camps, many workers became victims of debt slavery. In the early 1880s, Flagler and Rockefeller created one of their most important innovations. Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. Standard's most potent weapons against competitors were underselling, differential pricing, and secret transportation rebates. You see, demand for salt had risen with the beginning of the war it was necessary for the preservation of food for the troops. I do not believe any one else would develop it if I do not, but I do hope to live long enough to prove I am a good business man by getting a dividend on my investment. "When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. Instead, an artificial island was constructed in Biscayne Bay called Flagler Monument Island. It seemed a new leaf was turning for the little family of the Robber Baron. Such incentive led to the development of Miami, which was an unincorporated area at the time. Along with the mounting unrest between himself and Ida Alice, Flagler was also butting heads with his son, Harry. Though Henry Flagler didn't join in on the war, it certainly affected his career choices. His half-brother Daniel had left Hopewell to live and work with his paternal uncle Lamon G. Harkness, who had a store in Republic, Ohio. There is also a monument to him on Flagler Monument Island in Biscayne Bay in Miami; Flagler College and Flagler Hospital are named after him in St. Augustine. He was instrumental in stopping an Al-Qaeda attack on the USS Seahawk battlegroup (which the Watertown was a part of). VisitStAugustine.com. [37], When Flagler envisioned successes in the oil industry, he and Rockefeller started building their fortune in refining oil in Cleveland, Ohio. [41] Standard Oil's combined assets equalled approximately $42,882,650 (equivalent to $1.29billion in 2021[6]) in Indiana, Kentucky, New Jersey, New York and Ohio. [26] Its share of world oil refining topped out above 90% but slowly dropped to about 80% for the rest of the century. Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham was an American philanthropist and heiress who became notorious when she married one of the richest men of the Gilded Age. Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. Mary's health was poor throughout her life, although she and Henry had three children: Jenny Louise, Carrie, and Harry Harkness. Mary Lily Kenan Flagler inherited the majority of Henry Flagler's fortune but was unlucky enough to die of an apparent heart attack, only five years after Flagler's death. "The Mary Lily Kenan Conspiracy." The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. Henry Morrison Flagler (1830 - 1913) Henry Morrison Flagler Born 2 Jan 1830 in Hopewell, Ontario, New York, USA Ancestors Son of Isaac Flagler and Elizabeth (Caldwell) Flagler Brother of Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness [half] and Daniel Morrison Harkness [half] Husband of Mary (Harkness) Flagler married 9 Nov 1853 (to 18 May 1881) in Huron, Ohio The Alcazar Hotel and Casa Monica Hotel have their own fascinating histories. In 1882, Flagler and Rockefeller's lawyers created an innovative form of corporation to centralize their holdings, giving birth to the Standard Oil Trust. His business dealings, along with those of partner John D. Rockefeller's, were laid out in painstaking detail by one bold muckraker of the era, Ida [23] The firm was attacked by journalists and politicians throughout its existence, in part for these monopolistic methods, giving momentum to the antitrust movement. All this is to say that the winter and spring of 1885 were life-changing for Henry Flagler and his circle. The grand marble building was named by the final Mrs. Flagler herself: "Whitehall." [33] Ohio was especially vigorous in applying its state anti-trust laws, and finally forced a separation of Standard Oil of Ohio from the rest of the company in 1892, the first step in the dissolution of the trust. "[57][58], According to historian Joe Knetsch, reformers and muckrakers exaggerated charges of peonage regarding construction of the Florida East Coast Railway in 1893 to 1909. Even more critical, the invention of the light bulb gradually began to erode the dominance of kerosene for illumination. Henry Flagler was seventy-one, whilst his beaming bride was thirty-four. APA: VisitStAugustine.com. The family being of moderate means, Henry struck out from New York to Republic, Ohio in 1844. (Context from a 21st-century author: This story takes place nearly two generations before women were granted the right to vote a time when we were generally valued for being subservient, delicate, and fertile. [citation needed], The Overseas Railroad, also known as the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway, was heavily damaged and partially destroyed in the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. For a time, Ida Alice and Henry Flagler both stayed and entertained guests within Kirkside, but trouble was on the horizon for Flagler and his second wife. This conflict created a breach between father and son that lasted until Henry Flagler was on his deathbed. For the first time, Flagler was able to experience the warm, sunny atmosphere of Florida. [citation needed], Flagler and Rockefeller began a publicity campaign to put the company and themselves in a better light. Here is a list of Flagler's hotels (that he either purchased or built) along Florida's east coast: To learn more about Henry Flagler's East Coast Railway, consult the 'Works Referenced' section at the end of this Historical Person profile. I was willing that they should combine and grow as big and wealthy as they could, but only by legitimate means. [25] The "trust" was a corporation of corporations, and the entity's size and wealth drew much attention. Anderson owned a large tract of orange groves west of the Governor's House along King Street the main thoroughfare of St. Augustine and wanted to sell it to Flagler. My 4th great-grandmother, Elizabeth Howes, married (1) William Jones (my ancestor) and (2nd) Colonel Henry Ostrom, of Pleasant Valley & Patterson, Dutchess County, NY. Though a hard worker, Flagler was widely recognized as a ruthless businessman. 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